Thus, anti-TIF1β was found in 3/130 DM (1/35 Americans, 1/23 Japanese, 1/56 Mexicans) but 0/92 PM and none in SLE, SSc, or other conditions, suggesting that this specificity may be closely associated with DM, similar to antibodies to p155/140 (TIF1γ/α). This evidence concerns the gene TRIM33 and systemic lupus erythematosus.