INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: The 4 media and their in-vivo equivalents were: a) Normal glucose – in which the cell culture medium contained a nominal glucose concentration of 5.5 mM representing the fasting state (FS); b) Normal glucose with insulin (65 pM) – medium simulating the post absorptive resting state (PARS); c) High glucose (20 mM) – hyperglycaemia in the absence of insulin, representing diabetes type 1 (D1); d) High glucose with 65 pM insulin – the hyperglycaemic state with inadequate glycaemic control, simulating diabetes type 2 (D2).