While type I IFN induction is most associated with viral infection, several taxa of pathogenic bacteria, such as Chlamydia[21], Salmonella[22], Mycobacteria[23], [24], Listeria[25], and Staphylococcus aureus[26] elicit IFN-α production in humans and mice, the latter mediated by pDC [27]. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and viral infectious disease.