CPE and gastrointestinal disease: Plasmid-cpe isolates from human gastrointestinal diseases such as food-borne diarrhea and nosocomial diarrhea, were also clustered in the MLST assay, indicating that there also appeared to be a genetic relationship among plasmid-cpe isolates in feces of sickened individuals; however, cpe-negative isolates from healthy human feces exhibited considerable genetic diversity in the same MLST analysis (Fig. 2) (15).