CDH1 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Furthermore, β-catenin can also interact with other proteins that have been linked to NPC carcinogenesis including (i) the interleukin-8 (IL-8), the molecule which has been shown to be an angiogenic factor in NPC [39], (ii) the tumor suppressor RAS association family 1A (RASSF1A), in which downregulation causes abnormal mitotic spindles, aneuploidy, and transformation of NPC cells [40], and (iii) E-cadherin, forming a complex with cytoplasmic β-catenin to maintain cellular adhesion [17], mediating cell communication and suppressing metastasis.