APP and Senile plaques: The main amyloid components of senile plaques result from the proteolytic processing of AβPP by β-secretase (BACE1), leading to the formation of C-terminal fragments (CTFs) that are subsequently cleaved by the “γ-secretase-complex” which is responsible for the formation of Aβ (40 or 42 amino acids in length) and the AβPP intracellular domain peptide (AICD) of 58 or 56 amino acids (Figure 1) [1].