The cag pathogenicity island encodes the Cag type IV secretion system, which induces secretion of chemokines such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) from gastric epithelial cells and is thus responsible for a strong proinflammatory response during infection, and the effector protein CagA which is translocated into epithelial and potentially other host cells. Here, S100A8 is linked to infection.