In particular, HAND patients did not show changes in the CSF concentration of either MIP-1β (2.65 pg/mL, IQR 1.42–1.87) or IL-6 (6 pg/mL, IQR 2.25–5.75) and concentrations of these cytokines thus remained significantly higher than controls. Here, IL6 is linked to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.