CDH1 and neoplasm: These studies have demonstrated that loss of plakoglobin expression in conjunction with the lack of expression of other cell-cell adhesion proteins such as E-cadherin, α-catenin, β-catenin, desmoglein, or desmoplakin resulted in increased tumor formation and size and was correlated with increased tumor stage, poor patient survival, and increased metastasis in bladder, pituitary, oral, pharyngeal, skin, prostate, and NSCLC tumors [103–111].