Interestingly, Akt knockout mice show some similar phenotypic abnormalities to ATM-deficient mice, such as growth retardation, insulin resistance, hypersensitivity to gamma-irradiation, and immunodeficiency [8, 11, 95], indicating that ATM and Akt may be involved in the same signalling transduction pathway. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and immunodeficiency disease.