Figure 2 summarizes some of the in vivo events manifested by Lm-LLO-based immunotherapy which have the ability to neutralize and/or reverse cell functions and mediator release involved in tumor immunity. Much of these events are also induced in the animal model of E7-induced tumors during Lm-LLO-HPV-induced immunotherapy. For example, studies by Advaxis and Paterson Lab showed a correlation between CD8+ T-cell induction, tumor homing, and the antitumor efficacy of the Lm-LLO-based immunotherapy [20]. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.