In an experimental model of murine SCC cell lines derived from these tumors it was demonstrated that the ectopic expression of VILIP-1 in two VILIP-1 non-expressing, high grade SCC lines increased cAMP levels, leading to a diminished MMP-9 and RhoA activity together with a significant reduction in the invasive properties of the carcinoma cells [18]. The gene discussed is VSNL1; the disease is carcinoma.