Furthermore, we provide evidence that XCHT's renal protective mechanism in DN could potentially be mediated through (1) decreasing oxidative stress and production of TGF-β1, fibronectin, and collagen IV, and (2) increasing BMP-7 expression in the kidney of STZ-diabetic mice and HG-exposed RMCs. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and liver dysplastic nodule.