VCAM1 and Hyperglycemia: Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) exposed to transient hyperglycemia have exhibited epigenetic changes in the p65 subunit of NFκB gene, with increased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein -1 (MCP-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) [33, 34].