IL6 and infection: As shown in Figure 3, peritoneal macrophages stimulated with any of the three TLR agonists exhibited dramatically increased TNF and IL-6 levels at one, three and five days after infection with P. yoelii 17XNL(Figure 3A,C) or 17XL(Figure 3B,D), which was consistent with the response of macrophages to pRBC lysate.