The prototype of defined hypomyelinating leukoencephalopathies is Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease (PMD) caused by a primary defect of myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) expressed in oligodendrocytes; however, other hypomyelinating disorders are related to primary neuronal or astrocytic dysfunctions, including Salla disease caused by SLC17A5 gene mutations, Pelizaeus Merzbacher-Like Disease due to GJA12 mutations, or Alexander disease caused by mutations affecting the astrocytic GFAP [18]–[24]. This evidence concerns the gene SLC17A5 and Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease.