Twenty-seven and thirty specimens gave false-negative results by cytology but positive results by detecting DVL-3 mRNA and δ-catenin mRNA, respectively; these were fifteen specimens with suspected cancer cells and twelve specimens with reactive mesothelial cells by detecting DVL-3 mRNA, and eighteen specimens with suspected cancer cells and twelve with reactive mesothelial cells by detecting δ-catenin mRNA, respectively. Here, DVL3 is linked to cancer.