In the present study, the association of mature miR-145 and miR-143 expression with esophageal cancer was determined in 110 pairs of esophageal cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues, and target gene FSCN1 regulated by mature miRNA was analyzed in ESCC cell lines with Western blotting and 3′UTR luciferase reporter assay. Here, FSCN1 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.