INS and hypertensive disorder: Weidmann and Ferrari have reported [53] that not only do type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic individuals have a familial predisposition for essential hypertension, but also normotensive offspring of parents who are non-diabetic but have essential hypertension show increased concentrations of plasma insulin and reduced insulin sensitivity; moreover, Na+ retention is characteristic of both type I and type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetics.