We demonstrate that F. nucleatum, a major etiologic bacteria involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, is directly recognized by the mouse NCR1 and by the human NKp46 receptors and we show that the interaction between NCR1 and F. nucleatum probably leads to a rapid and specific secretion of TNF-α, resulting in alveolar bone loss. Here, NCR1 is linked to periodontal disorder.