Work on the related abomasal nematodes H. contortus in sheep [24,42] and Ostertagia ostertagi in cattle [10,43] as well as murine models [27,44], also linked Th2 cytokines with responses in previously-infected animals; associating the up-regulation of IL4 and IL13 with parameters of immunity including; IgE and IgA antibodies, eosinophilia and mucosal mast cells. The gene discussed is IGHE; the disease is Increased total eosinophil count.