AVP and essential hypertension: The effect variables are shown in Table 3 (UNa, FENa and u-ENaCβ-CR), Table 4 (V, CH2O, u-AQP2CR, u-osm, u-c-AMP, u-PGE2, and s-osm), Table 5 (PRC, AngII, Aldo, ANP, BNP and AVP), and Table 6 (GFR, SBP, DBP and HR) before (baseline), and after the hypertonic saline infusions in the patients with essential hypertension and the normotensive controls during HS and LS intake, respectively.