To test whether BR-DIM could regulate the self-renewal capacity and clonogenic ability of PCa cells, we performed sphere-forming assays and found that the treatment of C4-2B and PC3 PDGF-D cells with 10 or 25 μM BR-DIM markedly reduced the number and the size of prostaspheres compared to untreated control (DMSO control) (Fig. 5A). Here, PDGFD is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.