In addition, we have recently demonstrated that high-levels of ERβ in medulloblastoma are associated with nuclear translocation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), and the involvement of nuclear IRS-1 (nIRS-1) in the inhibition of homologous recombination directed DNA repair (HRR) of double strand breaks (DSBs). The gene discussed is IRS1; the disease is medulloblastoma.