To test whether the plasma from HF patients could reproduce the IL-1β phenotype of cardiac dysfunction, we injected healthy mice with plasma collected blood from four different patient groups: acute decompensated HF (ADHF), stable chronic HF with high hsCRP (HF-HCRP), stable chronic HF with low hsCRP (HF-LCRP), and healthy control (CTRL) patients with no cardiovascular disease. Here, IL1B is linked to cardiovascular disorder.