As shown in Figure 5, 5-aza-dC treatment of primary cultured leiomyoma smooth muscle cells led to an increase in KLF11 mRNA by 1.4-fold, DLEC1 mRNA by 2-fold, and KRT19 mRNA by 2.4-fold suggesting that these three genes are epigenetically regulated in leiomyomas. Here, KLF11 is linked to leiomyoma.