JUN and colonic neoplasm: Galectin-3 has been reported to induce transcriptional effects on MUC2 in association with AP-1 in human colon cancer cells [37], and we propose that the effects of hypoxia and ARSB silencing on the activation of HIF-1α may be achieved through the AP-1 binding sites present in the HIF-1α promoter in the presence of the increased nuclear galectin-3 [38].