Given the potential role of inflammation in vascular remodeling [3], [21], [23]–[27] and the development of PAH in patients with BMPR2 mutations [1], [11]–[15], we hypothesized that chronic inflammation would trigger more severe arterial remodeling and PAH in mice with reduced BMPR-II signaling. The gene discussed is BMPR2; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.