Under high glucose exposure, HO-1 gene expression and enzyme activities in the islets are elevated remarkably in parallel with hyperglycemia-induced intracellular peroxide levels [20], [21], prior to the elevation of classical antioxidant enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) [22]. This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and Hyperglycemia.