PDGFA and cancer: Besides the ciliary involvement in cell signaling and/or cancer through the polycystins complex, the PDGFα, the Hedgehog, the Wnt, and the PCP pathways, other pathways that link cilia to cancer development exist, such as the von Hippel-Lindau and glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (VHL/GSK3β) pathways, in which the ability of cells to form cilia has been hindered through dysregulated signaling proteins expression [92].