PPARG and brain injury: PPARγ agonists have been documented to have actions that do not require PPARγ activation in previous studies (Chintharlapalli et al., 2005; Davies et al., 2001; Wang et al., 2011), including in a model of brain trauma where pioglitazone reduced the inflammatory response in a manner unaltered by the administration of the PPARγ antagonist T0070907 (Thal et al., 2011).