TNF and melanoma: When the cytokine profiles produced in xenografts from five other human melanoma lines, NZM1, NZM2, NZM3, NZM4 and NZM7 derived from New Zealand melanoma patients (Marshall et al, 1993) were compared, DMXAA was shown to induce a consistent panel of stromal cell-derived cytokines: G-CSF, IL-6, IP-10, KC, MCP-1, MIP-1α, RANTES and TNF-α in all five NZ melanoma xenografts (Figure 5A).