Other early events during EEC carcinogenesis are gains in the entire long arm of the 1q chromosome that contains the gene coding for PRDX6 and losses at 22q chromosome that disrupt the synthesis of Ku70 (XRCC6) (Kiechle et al, 2000; Baloglu et al, 2001), which also corresponds to our findings on the protein level in EEC and AH. Here, XRCC6 is linked to exstrophy-epispadias complex.