TNF and ovarian cancer: In effect, TNFα can amplify the CXCL12 signal (Kulbe et al, 2005), and therefore neutralising TNFα, neutralising CXCL12 (Karin, 2010), antagonising CXCR4 (Lapteva et al, 2005; Liang et al, 2007; Du et al, 2008; Kajiyama et al, 2008) or inhibiting NF-κB (Miyanishi et al, 2010) may be an effective therapy for ovarian cancer.