However, IL-1β is produced in high levels in many pathological conditions that include ischemic stroke [44], Alzheimer's disease [45,46], Down syndrome [45], multiple sclerosis [47], Parkinson's disease [48], epilepsy [49], amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [50] and HIV-associated dementia [51]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.