For example, HIV-1 infection of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) in vitro generally inhibits phagocytosis [6]–[9] and elicits a cytokine response leading to secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6 and IL-8, among others [10]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is HIV-1 infection.