IL1B and Parkinson disease: In fact, proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β or TNFα, and reactive oxygen species, such as NO or superoxide, which are produced by microglia, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD (McGeer and McGeer 2008; Long–Smith et al. 2009; Yacoubian and Standaert 2009; Tansey and Goldberg 2010).