INS and hyperinsulinism: Possible mechanisms in explaining the role of hyperinsulinism in neurodegeneration are (1) sensibilization of neurons to toxins and other insults in the presence of high insulin concentration levels; (2) decrease transportation of insulin into the brain; (3) tau hyperphosphorylation caused by brain insulin resistance; (4) increase in β-Amyloid secretion and decrease in its clearance due to competition between Insulin and β-Amyloid for the Insulin-Degrading Enzyme (IDE); (5) brain localized hypoglycemic states caused by insulin resistance.