In this respect, EPO through Wnt1 governs early and late apoptotic Aβ microglial injury through non-traditional canonical and non-canonical pathways that involve the integration of the PI 3-K/Akt1 pathways, mTOR, and mitochondrial related signaling of Bad, Bax, and Bcl-xL.Future studies that further elucidate the pathways of cell toxicity for microglia during Aβ exposure may open new approaches for previously unrecognized strategies against Alzheimer's disease and other degenerative disorders. Here, WNT1 is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.