Activating mutations of the serine threonine kinase v-RAF murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B1 (BRAF) are found in a wide range of human cancers and represent the most frequent unique genetic alteration among melanoma (50 – 60%), papillary thyroid carcinoma (40 – 70%) and hairy cell leukemia (> 90%) [1, 2]. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is melanoma.