Furthermore, the increased relative expression of TRAF6 and TAB2 2 hours post-infection suggests that this signalling cascade bypasses TRADD (the gene encoding TRADD was downregulated) and RALBP1 (the gene encoding RALBP1 was downregulated) and is relayed directly to the IKKs, inducing NF-κB-directed transcription. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and infection.