Such actions appear to effectively translate to in vivo, where GLP-1 and analogues have reduced brain damage and improved functional outcome in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model [15], [18], as well as in multiple animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD), induced by MPTP, 6-OHDA or LPS [15], [19]–[21]. This evidence concerns the gene GLP1R and Parkinson disease.