IL1B and ischemia: While the shear-cytokine stimulation of naïve or short-term preconditioned cells (<24 hr) and their ensuing E-selectin expression pattern may not be relevant in normal inflammation response, the presented data likely provides insight into the pathological inflammatory response in ischemia since IL-1β is known to be strongly involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain damage and other acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders[58], [59].