We have previously reported that kisspeptin antagonists reduce LH pulse frequency and amplitude but do not lower basal LH levels [15,46,57] in contrast to GnRH antagonist administration, suggesting that kisspeptin or NKB antagonists may be suitable for partial suppression of gonadotropins and gonadal steroids in hormone-dependent diseases, such as endometriosis and benign prostatic hyperplasia, without inducing bone loss or hot flushes that occur with GnRH analog therapy [57]. This evidence concerns the gene GNRH1 and endometriosis.