MSH2 and colorectal carcinoma: In the present study we used immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of total and activated ERK1/2 in a panel of 94 colorectal carcinomas in parallel with the expression of two MMR proteins (hMLh1 and hMSH2), as well as K-ras and B-raf mutations, which may lead to constitutive activation of MAPK pathway.