Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) [MIM 125310] is an autosomal dominant microangiopathy caused by mutations of the NOTCH3 gene that is located on chromosome 19 and encodes a transmembrane receptor. This evidence concerns the gene NOTCH3 and cerebral arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy.