ACE and hypertensive disorder: Analysis of pooled prevalence of preoperative patient group characteristics revealed that no difference was observed for history of coexistence of basic diseases (e.g. diabetes mellitus, hypertension, congestive heart failure), routine prophylactic therapies (e.g. β-blocker, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, and calcium channel blocker; Table 4).