Analysis of pooled prevalence of preoperative patient group characteristics revealed that no difference was observed for history of coexistence of basic diseases (e.g. diabetes mellitus, hypertension, congestive heart failure), routine prophylactic therapies (e.g. β-blocker, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, and calcium channel blocker; Table 4). This evidence concerns the gene ACE and congestive heart failure.