Since the uptake of apoptotic DC induces immature DC to secrete TGF-β, which induces differentiation of naïve T cells into Foxp3+ T-reg [53], E/S-products of the metacestode, and particularly of primary cells, could thus establish a strongly immunosuppressive environment around parasite lesions already at the beginning of an infection. The gene discussed is FOXP3; the disease is infection.