In line with these clinical findings, VSL#3 and CLA significantly ameliorated gross pathology in colon (Figure 1B), MLN and spleen (data not shown), colonic histopathology such as leukocyte infiltration (Figure 1C) and mucosal thickening (Figure 1D), and colonic mRNA expression such as TNF-α (Figure 1E) and MCP-1 (Figure 1F) in comparison to untreated control mice with DSS colitis. Here, TNF is linked to colitis.