In contrast to expression of β-catenin, DKK1 expression was negatively correlated with disease stage: whereas all MGUS patients and the majority of early (stage I/II) MM patients demonstrated high DKK1 expression, DKK1 was either partially or completely absent in 68% of the patients with advanced MM (p<0.05) (Figure 1C). This evidence concerns the gene DKK1 and Miyoshi myopathy.